Similar to linear polymers, they composed of a large number of monomer units that were chemically linked together. Pdf unique properties, structures and applications of dendrimers. The properties of dendrimers are dominated by the functional groups on the molecular surface for example, a dendrimer can be water soluble when its end group like a carboxyl group. They are characterized by special properties that make them promising candidates in medicine, biology, materials science, synthetic organic chemistry, biotechnology, environmental engineering, optics, electronics, catalysis, electrochemistry, photochemistry, and. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, dendrimers have wide ranges of potential applications. Several properties of dendrimers are dominated by the surface functional groups. Brummond march 4, 2004 introduction the discovery and creation of new drugs is timely and costly process.
Dendrimers with hydrophilic terminal groups are highly soluble in polar solvents. Dendrimer as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Traditionally, well defined complex macromolecules such as proteins were largely found only in natural systems. Single dendrimer molecule has hundreds of possible sites to couple to an active species. The welldefined structure, monodispersity of size, surface functionalization capability, and stability are properties of dendrimers that make them appealing drug carrier candidates. Syntheses drug derivatization general methods of dendrimer synthesis dendrimers can be considered to have three major portions. Diverse analytical techniques were used to evaluate the liquid crystal properties of these ppi dendrimers, each possessing mesogenic groups attached in different ways endon 271 and sideon with the intent to tailor the resultant mesomorphic properties 272. Dendrimers, also called cascade molecules, are repetitively branched treeiike molecules. The physicochemical characteristics of dendrimers and their versatility. In recent times the attention of most researchers and scientific investigators has been focused on the free dendrimer while the properties and applications of functionalized dendrimers supported dendrimers are barely reported.
Comparison of the a classical interaction of the free drug with the cell receptor with the b. Review article applications of dendrimers in drug delivery agents, diagnosis, therapy, and detection b. They are also available in a range of forms, with different physical such as electrical, optical, and chemical properties. Polyamidoamine, or pamam, is a class of dendrimer which is made of repetitively branched subunits of amide and amine functionality. Owing to these properties dendrimers have fascinated the researchers in the. It is possible to incorporate a hydrophobic drug within the watersoluble dendrimer.
Dendrimers with hydrophilic terminal groups are highly soluble in. This is due to the exponential increase in number of end groups with increasing generation number in contrast of. Starting with a historical overview, definitions and other fundamentals, it goes on to look at characterization, analysis and properties of dendrimers. Review article applications of dendrimers in drug delivery.
Effect of solvent and ph on the structure of pamam dendrimers. It will not describe all details, but it will give the reader a unique overview of what has currently been done with dendrimers, with numerous references and illustrations. Among the latest generations of nanosystems are dendrimers that constitute potential drug carriers 4. Description a dendrimer is a spherical, highly branched synthetic polymer with functional groups all. Volume of dendrimer increases when it has a positive charge. Return to web version solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble molecules using dendrimers by. Molecules free fulltext which dendrimer to attain the. Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules with a carefully tailored architecture, the endgroups i. Inoue department of applied chemistry, faculty of engineering, ehime university, matsuyama 7908577, japan received 7 november 1999. Thus encapsulation property offers stability to the poorly soluble drugs. Dendritic polymers are belonging to a special class of macromolecules. The properties of dendrimers are often very different from those of the corresponding linear analog and are typically dominated by the functional groups on the surface. Dendrimers are a class of synthetically produced highly branched, spherical nanostructures that can be used as carrier molecules for imaging agents.
Dendrimers are prepared by either a divergent or convergent growth method. A special attention was made in discussing the properties of dendrimers and. At the end of each branch there is a free amino group that can react with two methyl acrylate monomers and two ethylenediamine molecules. Pamam dendrimers, sometimes referred to by the trade name starburst, have been extensively studied since their synthesis in 1985, and represent the most wellcharacterized dendrimer family as well as the first to be commercialized. This property of dendrimers makes researchers to attach both targeting molecules and drug molecules to the same dendrimer, which could reduce negative side effects of medications on healthy cells. Functional dendrimers, hyperbranched and star polymers. Dendritic effects on structure and photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties of fullerene dendrimers and their nanoclusters. A variety of dendrimers exist, and each has biological properties such as. These highly symmetrical and branched polymers have attracted much attention in recent years due to their specific physical and chemical properties arising from its organized.
Characterization with malditof ms and 1h nmr is reported. The journal of physical chemistry c 2007, 111 6, 27772786. First through sixthgeneration pamam dendrimers have been functionalized with mannose residues. Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of nanomaterials and its applications by suman ghorai an abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctor of philosophy degree in chemistry in the graduate college of the university of iowa. Effect of dendrimer generation and aglyconic linkers on the binding properties of mannosylated dendrimers prepared by a combined convergent and onion peel approach. Dendrimers have gained a broad range of applications in supramolecular chemistry, particularly in.
Characterization of polyamidoamine dendrimers and their. Environmental concerns are driving the replacement of volatile organic solvents by water and aqueous mixtures. The lectinbinding properties of six generations of. Description, terminology, properties, and applications of dendrimers are presented in this paper. Among the six critical nanoscale design parameters cndps proposed by prof.
This book will be mainly focussed on the properties and uses of dendrimers and dendrons. Pdf dendrimers are nanosized, radially symmetric molecules with. Dendrimers are fabricated from monomers using either convergent or divergent stepgrowth polymerization. Dendritic polymers and their potential applications. Written by internationally acclaimed authors, this textbook contains everything you need to know about this versatile class of compounds. A dendrimer is typically symmetric around the core, and often adopts a spherical threedimensional morphology. Dendrimers are highly suited and used as image contrast media because of their properties. Download complete pdf book, the epub book or the kindle book. Andrews chemservices seth campbell senior biochemistry major page 1 of 4 what is a dendrimer. The aim of this book is to be the reference book about dendrimers applications. They are synthesized by stepwise chemical methods to give distinct generations g0, g1, g2, etc.
Different binding enhancements consistent with monovalent interaction, glycoside clustering, and multivalent binding are observed for different generations of dendrimers. However, dendrimer is currently the internationally accepted term. Here we report, as a function of generation, structural properties such as radius of gyration, shape tensor, asphericity, fractal dimension, monomer density distribution. Polymeric nanoparticles induced some great advantages in free drugs such as an ability. Functional dendrimers, hyperbranched and star polymers k. Applications of dendrimers to drug delivery reported by.
Even though only a small number of reports on pvdfbased cmas have been published, growing interest in the synthesis properties of nonlinear structures graft, miktoarm star, star and dendrimers. Starpharmas dendrimer technology can create preciselydefined synthetic complex macromolecules that are applicable to a wide range of medical uses. Due to their shape, dendrimers have a wider surface area, rendering them useful to create carrier molecules and blocks at the nanoscale. A variety of dendrimers exist and each has biological properties that will alter its biodistribution. Interestingly, in comparison to free medicament, the.
Solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble molecules. Special properties and reverse osmosis antiscalant. Possible to design a water soluble dendrimer with internal hydrophobicity, which would allow it. Effect of solvent and ph on the structure of pamam dendrimers prabal k. Dendrimers are defined as nanoscale macromolecules having a particular architecture consisting of treelike arms or branches. The properties of dendrimers are dominated by the functional groups on the. The free amino group present at the end react with two. Special properties and reverse osmosis antiscalant applications of dendrimers polydispersitypurity polydispersity is defined as the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight, mw mn. Dendrimer based metal chelates lead as a magnetic resonance imaging contrasting agents. Many tests carried on dendrimers have shown that dendrimers are stronger contrast agent than conventional ones.
All these properties make dendrimers excellent candidates for nanomedical applications. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. Two representations of polyamidoamine are based on dendrimer. Dendrimers and other dendritic polymers wiley online books. A variety of dendrimers exist, and each has biological properties such as polyvalency, selfassembling, electrostatic interactions, chemical stability, low cytotoxicity, and solubility. Ideally a dendrimer can be synthesized to have different functionality in each of these portions to control properties such as solubility, thermal stability, and attachment. These varied characteristics make dendrimers a good choice in the medical field. The full report can be downloaded for free on the project web site.
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